![]() 3 For additional information on the diagnosis of Group M non-subtype B infections, Group O HIV-1 infections, and HIV-2 infections, see the relevant sections below and the HIV Sequence Database. In general, qualitative HIV proviral DNA PCR assays from whole blood detecting cell-associated virus are less affected by ARVs.Ī positive HIV test result should be confirmed as soon as possible by repeat virologic testing, because false-positive results can occur with both RNA and DNA assays. However, both tests can be affected by maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) through transplacental transfer of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs from the pregnant person to the fetus or by ARV drugs administered to the infant as prophylaxis or presumptive HIV therapy. Plasma HIV RNA and HIV DNA NATs are generally equally recommended. 1,2 Positive virologic tests (i.e., nucleic acid tests -a class of tests that includes HIV RNA and HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction assays and related RNA qualitative or quantitative assays) indicate likely HIV infection. Antibody tests, including antigen/antibody combination immunoassays (sometimes referred to as fourth- and fifth-generation tests), do not establish the presence of HIV in infants because of transplacental transfer of maternal HIV antibodies therefore, a virologic test must be used. HIV can be diagnosed definitively by virologic testing in most non-breastfed infants with perinatal HIV exposure by age 1 to 2 months and in almost all perinatally-exposed infants by age 4 to 6 months. † Studies that include children or children/adolescents, but not studies limited to post-pubertal adolescents Rating of Evidence: I = One or more randomized trials in children† with clinical outcomes and/or validated endpoints I* = One or more randomized trials in adults with clinical outcomes and/or validated laboratory endpoints with accompanying data in children† from one or more well-designed, nonrandomized trials or observational cohort studies with long-term clinical outcomes II = One or more well-designed, nonrandomized trials or observational cohort studies in children† with long-term outcomes II* = One or more well-designed, nonrandomized trials or observational studies in adults with long-term clinical outcomes with accompanying data in children† from one or more similar nonrandomized trials or cohort studies with clinical outcome data III = Expert opinion Rating of Recommendations: A = Strong B = Moderate C = Optional Note: The National Clinician Consultation Center- Perinatal HIV/AIDS provides consultations on issues related to the management of perinatal HIV infection, including diagnostic testing (1-88 24 hours a day, 7 days a week). When acute HIV infection is suspected, additional testing with an HIV NAT may be necessary to diagnose HIV infection (AII).Virologic assays (HIV RNA or HIV DNA nucleic acid tests ) that directly detect HIV must be used to diagnose HIV in infants and children aged 24 months and for children aged 18 to ≤ 24 months with non-perinatal HIV exposure only, HIV antibody (or HIV antigen/antibody) tests are recommended for diagnostic testing (AII).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |